SS-31
Elamipretide
The file here is mostly preclinical work plus clinic and community practice, not registrational trials.
Targets cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane. It has been through real phase III work in mitochondrial myopathy with mixed endpoints.
General profile
- Class
- Mitochondrial and metabolic
- Evidence
- Mixed or moderate evidence
- Studied dose range
- 5–10 mg
- Frequency in protocols
- Daily in trial protocols
- Route
- Subcutaneous
- Half life
- ~2 hours
- Reconstitution
- 2 mL bacteriostatic water per 50 mg vial
- Storage
- Refrigerated, ~30 days
Timing and cycling in the literature
Usually dosed in the morning window
Daily in trial protocols
Mitochondrial energetics are measured across the active day in the trials, so morning dosing matches the study design.
Reported cycle: 8 weeks on, 4 weeks off
Mitochondrial myopathy trials dosed daily across months to reach measurable endpoints.
Watch for: Injection site reactions, which were the most common finding in the trials.
What it conflicts with
Three separate questions, kept separate. A hard stop means the mechanisms must not run together at all and timing does not fix it. A syringe rule means the same day is fine but one barrel is not. Redundancy is not dangerous, it is paying twice to hit one target.
No named pair conflicts are on file for this compound. That is missing data, not clearance: with no compatibility data the default is separate syringes, and you still introduce one new compound at a time.
Most syringe compatibility claims here are practice and expert consensus, not peer reviewed mixing studies. A clear liquid after mixing does not prove the compounds are still active, and cloudiness, particles or gelling means discard. Active cancer, pregnancy, major cardiac care and heavy immunosuppression override every stack preference on this page.
See how SS-31 fits your week
The injection scheduler spaces doses using the clinical timing data, flags the pairs above before you draw them, and tells you why.
Model this in the injection schedulerThe studies
Human trials: No completed human efficacy trial that establishes a dose for the use people are chasing.
Open questions: Treat published dosing as observed practice, not a validated protocol.
Published papers
Indexed from Europe PMC and refreshed weekly. Each link opens the paper itself.
- Pre-qualifications, learning strategies, and study satisfaction among medical students: insights from a multicenter German study
Med Educ Online · 2026. Schröpel C, Herrmann-Werner A, Festl-Wietek T, Wittenberg T, Herpertz SC, Schüttpelz-Brauns K, Heinzmann A, Böckers T, Zipfel S, Erschens R.
- SM03, a non-depleting anti-CD22 antibody, modulates B cell activation and immune crosstalk to attenuate autoimmunity
J Transl Autoimmun · 2026. Wong KL, Cheng LH, Chung CL, Ng PL, Nawabjan SA, Sethuraman MIG, Luk KK, Tsoi WT, Chow BKC, Leung SO.
- The oxidative stress paradigm in arbovirus infections: mechanisms and therapeutic insights
Redox Rep · 2026 · Review. Ke Yee C, Lani R, Hassandarvish P.
- Pathophysiology-guided biomarkers and therapeutics for precision trauma medicine in polytrauma with musculoskeletal injuries
Mil Med Res · 2026 · Review. Thanapaul RJRS, Govindarajulu MY, Pundkar CY, Arun P.
- Mitochondrial dysfunction and applications of mitochondrial-targeted delivery systems in atherosclerosis
Drug Deliv · 2026 · Review. Liu Y, Luo N, Xi X, Hou J, Li X, Xia M, Yu T, Yang Y, Liu Y.
- Redox imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus: Implications for maternal health, placental function, and offspring metabolic programming
Free Radic Biol Med · 2026 · Review. Burzynska-Pedziwiatr I, Wozniak LA, Bukowiecka-Matusiak M.
- Clinical development in primary mitochondrial diseases at a translational inflection point: Lessons, mechanisms, and emerging therapeutic strategies
Biomed Pharmacother · 2026 · Review. Wang LT, Jhuang HY.
- Breaking a mitochondrial danger-STING feed-forward amplifier preserves alveolar-capillary architecture and dampens interferon-chemokine signaling in acute lung injury
Tissue Cell · 2026. Elmorsy EA, Amer MM, Hamad RS, Abdel-Hamed MR, Farrag AA, Alorini M, Khodeir MM, Ali MAM, Alhowail AH, Mohamed EA, Alsalloom AA, Alsaykhan H, Alsoqih NS, Ata HS, Sameh A, Chaudhary AA, Saber S.
- Near infrared enhanced palladium loaded siraitia grosvenorii carbon dots amplify mitophagy for acute lung injury immunotherapy
Bioact Mater · 2026. Zhang J, Duan K, Liu Q, Chen S, Zheng H, Liu Y, Qian J, Yin M, Liu J, Li J, Li Z, Chen M, Huang X, Lin F, Gao M, Liao L.
- Mitochondrial-targeted SS-31 peptide attenuates radiation-induced cardiomyocyte senescence
J Radiat Res · 2026. Xie L, Wu J, Fan J, Krager KJ, Aykin-Burns N, Li S, Børsheim E, Qi X, Boerma M, Zhang H.
Search the full literature
- PubMed: all indexed papers
Every indexed paper, newest first. Filter to Clinical Trial or Review in the sidebar.
- PubMed: human clinical trials only
The honest test of an evidence claim. An empty result is itself an answer.
- ClinicalTrials.gov registrations
Registered, ongoing and completed trials, including ones that never published.
- Europe PMC full text
Often surfaces open-access full text that PubMed only abstracts.