
P-21
The file here is mostly preclinical work plus clinic and community practice, not registrational trials.
A small-molecule neurogenic peptide from Alzheimer's model work. Human data does not exist yet.
General profile
- Class
- Cognitive
- Evidence
- Early or preclinical only
- Studied dose range
- 100–200 mcg
- Frequency in protocols
- Daily
- Route
- Subcutaneous or intranasal
- Half life
- Short
- Reconstitution
- 2 mL bacteriostatic water per 5 mg vial
- Storage
- Refrigerated, ~30 days
Timing and cycling in the literature
Usually dosed in the morning window
Daily
Alerting in the available animal work, so late dosing tends to be reported as sleep disrupting.
Reported cycle: 4 weeks on, 4 weeks off
Neurogenesis work in animal models runs multi-week courses. There is no human protocol to copy.
Watch for: Insomnia when dosed late, and irritability.
What it conflicts with
Three separate questions, kept separate. A hard stop means the mechanisms must not run together at all and timing does not fix it. A syringe rule means the same day is fine but one barrel is not. Redundancy is not dangerous, it is paying twice to hit one target.
- Hard stopBody level hard stop
P-21 + Methylene blue and any serotonergic drug
Do not run with methylene blue or serotonergic medication
Methylene blue inhibits MAO-A. Stacked with serotonin-raising agents (SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs, tricyclics, tramadol, St John's Wort) the risk is serotonin syndrome. Timing does not fix this one, it is a mechanism conflict.
- Pick oneRedundant, pick one
P-21 + Semax
Same target hit twice
Overlapping Semax-family signalling. Introduce one, hold it, then judge.
Most syringe compatibility claims here are practice and expert consensus, not peer reviewed mixing studies. A clear liquid after mixing does not prove the compounds are still active, and cloudiness, particles or gelling means discard. Active cancer, pregnancy, major cardiac care and heavy immunosuppression override every stack preference on this page.
See how P-21 fits your week
The injection scheduler spaces doses using the clinical timing data, flags the pairs above before you draw them, and tells you why.
Model this in the injection schedulerThe studies
Human trials: No completed human efficacy trial that establishes a dose for the use people are chasing.
Open questions: Treat published dosing as observed practice, not a validated protocol.
Published papers
Indexed from Europe PMC and refreshed weekly. Each link opens the paper itself.
- Predictors of work ability among victims of severe interpersonal violence: a file-based study in Germany
Eur J Psychotraumatol · 2026. Melzner L, Baumgärtner A, Mitschke AC, Wehrmeyer M, Wulfes N, Kröger C.
- Engineering of acidic pH-responsive anti-CD3 binding antibodies
MAbs · 2026. La Sala G, Kroell KB, Pincha M, Gassner C, Deho L, Moessner E, Gueripel X, Borin N, Classen M, Benz J, Bujotzek A, Klein C, Georges G, Hugenmatter A, Liedl KR, Vangone A.
- Crystal structure of the <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> effector SidL (Lpg0437) in complex with its metaeffector LegA11 (Lpg0436)
Virulence · 2026. Machtens DA, Hutchison CA, Stein AM, Eberhage J, Willerding JM, Eschenburg S, Shames SR, Reubold TF.
- The Aarhus Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale (A-PGDs): identification of a clinically validated cut-off score for identifying bereaved at risk of PGD
Eur J Psychotraumatol · 2026. Redican E, O'Connor M, Ladegaard N, Louison Vang M.
- Design, synthesis and anti-breast cancer activity evaluation of 6,7-dihydro-5<i>H</i>-pyrrolo[3,4-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine-based PARP1/ATR dual inhibitors
J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem · 2026. He ML, Wang ZH, Yao X, Ye LL, Du BQ, Wang CC, Chen YH, Wang XX, Luo H, Gao Y, Ye XY.
- Strengthening foster children's skills: a descriptive study on a trauma-informed group intervention
Eur J Psychotraumatol · 2026. Brinkerink SEM, Schlattmann NEF, Goris M, Hein IM.
- <i>Echinacea purpurea</i> polysaccharides regulate the intestinal microbiota and enhance immune function in broilers
Anim Nutr · 2026. Gou W, Wang Z, Liu Y, Fu J, Liu M, Si Q, Zhang N, Shang H.
- Examining the relationship between pre-treatment anhedonia and treatment outcomes in individuals with anxiety or depression: A systematic review
J Affect Disord · 2026 · Review. Rassaby M, Spaulding IG, Stein MB, Taylor CT.
- Crankshaft Phenomenon After Definitive Spinal Fusion in Pre-teens: Should We Be Concerned with Pedicle Screw Constructs?
J Pediatr Soc North Am · 2026. Goldfarb JH, Sane ES, Wright CE, Speller NC, Chen L, Tang SY, Bridwell KH, Montgomery BK.
- Natural Compared With Artificial Cycle Endometrial Preparation for Frozen Embryo Transfer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Obstet Gynecol · 2026 · Review. Lin LT, Chang R, Chen SN, Li CJ, Lin PH, Chang YY, Tsui KH.
Search the full literature
- PubMed: all indexed papers
Every indexed paper, newest first. Filter to Clinical Trial or Review in the sidebar.
- PubMed: human clinical trials only
The honest test of an evidence claim. An empty result is itself an answer.
- ClinicalTrials.gov registrations
Registered, ongoing and completed trials, including ones that never published.
- Europe PMC full text
Often surfaces open-access full text that PubMed only abstracts.